Synthesis, structure-activity relationship and biological evaluation of novel nitrogen mustard sophoridinic acid derivatives as potential anticancer agents.

A series of novel nitrogen mustard sophoridinic acid derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicity. Of the newly synthesized compounds, compound 6 exhibited a potent effect against hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. SAR analysis indicated that introduction of a nitrogen mustard group to the structure of sophoridinic acid significantly enhance the antitumor activity. Moreover, molecular docking study exhibited benzyl group introduced to the nitrogen atom at the 12-position and aryl nitrogen mustard group at the 4'-carboxyl region for compound 6 were beneficial for the higher anticancer activity. This work provides useful information for further structural modifications of these compounds and for the synthesis of new, potent antitumor agents.

Synthesis of the alkylated active metabolite of tipidogrel.

Tipidogrel (3), an effective anti-platelet drug candidate working by irreversibly inhibiting P2Y12 receptor, holds great promise in overcoming clopidogrel resistance and increasing bioavailability. As a prodrug like other thienopyridines, it metabolizes through thiophene ring opening to form active metabolites 3a and 3b, nevertheless they are easily to form disulfide bond. Derivatization of 3a and 3b via alkylation with MPBr can prevent disulfide conjugation and ensure reliable pharmacokinetic results. Thus, in order to support its pre-clinical studies on efficiencies in the formation of tipidogrel active metabolites, 13a and 13b were synthesized via seven steps of chemosynthesis and incubation with MPBr in rat plasma in vitro. The resulting crude productions were purified by semi-preparative HPLC to give Z configuration 13a and E configuration 13b. In LC-MS/MS spectra, they showed identical fragmentation pattern and retention time with M-13a and M-13b, the MPBr-derivatives of active metabolites of tipidogrel in rats. Thus, 13a and 13b were the anticipated alkylated active metabolite of tipidogrel. In addition, in the nucleophilic substitution of thioacetate with compound 11, besides the anticipated compounds 12a and 12b, their isomers compounds 12c and 12d were detected, whose structures were confirmed and the corresponding mechanism was presented.

Polyanthumin, a novel cyclobutane chalcone trimmer from Memecylon polyanthum.

A novel unusual trimmer chalcone, polyanthumin (1), together with five known compounds myricetin 3-O-(3″-O-galloyl)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (2), sulfuretin (3), fustin (4), gallic acid (5), and ethyl gallate (6), was isolated from the dry stems of Memecylon polyanthum H.L. Li. Among them, compound 1 is a new chalcone trimmer with a novel cyclobutane skeleton in nature. Compounds 3 and 4 are flavonoids carrying a single 7-OH in A ring, which provided the first example of these class flavonoids from the family Melastomataceae. In addition, the antitumor activities for 2-4 were reported for the first time in this study. The antitumor effects of the isolated compounds 1-6 in vitro were assayed by the SRB method using human cancer K562 cells, with the inhibition rates ranging from 39.4% to 54.5% at 100 µg/ml. The IC50 values of compounds 1 and 3 for the inhibition of K562 cell proliferation were determined to be 45.4 and 30.5 µg/ml, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, compound 1 was the second sample as chalcone trimer. In addition, the antitumor activities for 2-4 were reported for the first time in this study.

[Efficacy of wound dressing with microspheres containing levofloxacin on burns treatment].

This research was aimed to find the skin irritation and burns treatment effect of wound dressing with mi- crospheres containing levofloxacin. We used reference GB/T16886. 10-2005 to evaluate the dressing skin irritation. We prepared rabbit models divided into three groups. The control group was rapped with Vaseline gauze bandage, while the positive control group was rapped with the wounds of nano-silver paste bandage. The experimental sample group was rapped with wound dressing with microspheres containing levofloxacin. We measured the wound without healing area and the hydroxyproline content at the ends of 3 d, 6 d, 9 d, 14 d, 21 d, 28 d. and meanwhile performed histopathological examination. The experimental results showed that the dressing primary irritation index was 0. The nonhealing wound area of theexperimental sample group and positive control group at the ends of 6 d, 9 d, 14 d, 21 d were less than that of the control group (P<0. 05). The nonhealing wound area of the experimental sample group at the ends of 9 d and 14 d was significantly lower than that of the positive control group (P < 0.05). The hydroxyproline content of the experimental sample group at the ends of 6 d, 9 d and 14 d was significantly higher than that of the positive control group and blank control group (P<0. 05). The pathology observed of the experimental sample group at 21 d were the earliest appendages. The wound dressing with microspheres containing levofloxacin has minimal skin irritation, effectively promote wound healing of burn.